Flammable liquids pipelines employ pump stations along the pipeline to boost pressures and augment flow. These pump stations operate in a similar manner to natural gas compressor stations that have been discussed in a previous issue of The Responder. Elevation and friction loss results in pressure loss in a pipeline, just like it does in a fire hose. Very much like the fire apparatus, pumps are used to maintain the appropriate delivery pressure.

Pipeline pump stations vary in design and will contain a specific number of pumps based on the size, location, and topography of the pipeline. Pipeline pumping stations may be manned or un-manned, but are continually monitored either way. Un-manned pump stations are usually monitored through a computerized Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system, otherwise known as SCADA. The SCADA system has the ability to continually monitor pressure and flow in the pipeline, as well as the ability to start and stop pumps based on varying pressure requirements along the line. Additionally, SCADA systems have the ability to monitor pumps for any abnormal conditions that may occur such as high temperatures and low flow. When abnormal conditions are detected SCADA operators can shut down the pumps and dispatch technicians to investigate and make any needed repairs.

While pipeline pump stations vary in construction, they do have some common components:

Pumps – Pumps of varying size and horsepower are used in the stations. They can be powered by internal combustion diesel engines, turbine engines, or electric motors.

Piping – Piping and pipe manifolds are used throughout the pump station for product delivery into the facility and distribution back into the pipeline. In addition piping also is used for the transportation of lubricating oils and fuel for the engines used to power the pumps.

Fire Detection and Suppression Equipment – Fire detection and suppression systems are employed in pump stations in the unlikely event of an emergency. These systems are remotely monitored through the SCADA system and are maintained by highly trained pipeline operator personnel.

Other Equipment - Other equipment at pipeline pump stations may include pig launchers and receivers, used to insert and removing, cleaning and inspection devices commonly referred to as “pigs”. Additionally, storage tanks may be installed at pump stations for holding and distribution of product.

If pipeline pump stations are located in your response area, feel free to contact the pipeline operator to gain more information about the particulars of the stations in near you. Pipeline operators will welcome the opportunity to share this information with you.

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